CBS supported GGGI and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) in assessing opportunities for biohydrogen development in Indonesia. The landscape analysis covered legal, regulatory, policy and institutional aspects, stakeholder mapping, demand, feedstock and enabling infrastructure, and identifies indicative pilot clusters for early development. The feasibility study examined the technical feasibility of landfill gas-based biogas production and alternative sources such as anaerobic digestion of organic waste; financial feasibility including fiscal incentives; macro-environmental feasibility; risk assessment; and GHG abatement potential, with carbon credit revenue integrated into the financial model.
Client: Global Green Growth Institute
With Ricardo and E3M Modelling, CBS assessed the potential impacts of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on Indonesia's iron and steel, ammonia and fertilizer, aluminum, and cement sectors. The work identified viable decarbonization options, evaluated the investment required for emissions reduction, and analyzed the cost implications of those measures. Through capacity building workshops, CBS also supported stakeholders in aligning monitoring, reporting, and verification systems with CBAM requirements.
Client: Southeast Asia Energy Transition Partnership (ETP), United Nations Office for Project Services
CBS developed a roadmap for a financial institution to set and implement a net zero emissions target. The work covered data collection on operational emissions (Scope 1 and 2) and financed emissions (Scope 3 Category 15), estimation of financed emissions using the PCAF methodology, and baseline assessment for both. CBS set targets and ran scenario analysis aligned with the Science Based Targets initiative, using the Sectoral Decarbonization Approach and Temperature Rating methods, and developed near-, mid-, and long-term action plans.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS assessed three initiatives: optimization of a TPS3R facility including organic waste processing, development of an RDF facility, and use of plastic waste to produce paving blocks. The landscape analysis covered the legal and institutional framework, the current waste management system and waste generation projections, infrastructure and technology, stakeholders, potential offtakers, financing sources, and business model benchmarks. The feasibility stage covered demand and option analysis, technical feasibility under short-term improvement and long-term expansion scenarios, financial feasibility including levelized unit cost and profitability analysis, business model and financing, and risk assessment.
Client: United Nations Capital Development Fund
CBS developed a refuse-derived fuel business model suited to municipal solid waste conditions in Indonesia and documented practices and lessons from operating RDF facilities. The study reviewed preconditions—waste generation and characteristics, waste management systems, regulations, institutional arrangements, regional financial capacity, social participation, and potential offtakers—along with site location and offtaker demand. It assessed technical and operational performance, legal and institutional arrangements, environmental management, occupational health and safety, and social inclusion. The financial analysis covered cost and revenue structures, the average unit cost of converting waste into RDF, profitability, and sensitivity to waste service fee collection rates. A policy brief drawn from the study addresses the planning, development, and sustainability of RDF facilities.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS developed five knowledge products for GGGI:
Client: Global Green Growth Institute
CBS assessed capacity-building needs across Indonesia's solar, wind, and hydropower sectors through a baseline assessment, gap analysis, and stakeholder mapping. The assessment covered five areas:
Client: Global Green Growth Institute
CBS supported UNDP in preparing Indonesia's Net-Zero and Nature-Positive project document for Global Environment Facility funding, with the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources as program proponent. CBS developed the full project document and annexes to GEF standards and supported the CEO Endorsement Request. The program focuses on strengthening governance frameworks, enabling investment in green hydrogen and industrial decarbonization, and building stakeholder capacity to implement and monitor net-zero and nature-positive actions.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
The Indonesia Quality Tourism Fund, managed by the Indonesian Environment Fund, supports sustainable tourism investment. CBS formulated the fund's investment strategy and developed technical guidelines covering fund management and selection criteria, directed at low-carbon and resource-efficient projects across Indonesia's ten priority tourism destinations.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS assisted selected hotels in developing greenhouse gas inventories and mitigation strategies. The study reviewed relevant policies, guided emissions reporting under SNI ISO 14064-1:2018, and produced mitigation action design documents for both regulators and hotel operators.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS supported government and industry stakeholders in setting long-term greenhouse gas reduction targets and developing roadmaps aligned with national regulations and international commitments. The project covered subsector assessments and capacity building for pilot companies in chemicals (ethylene), pulp and paper, textiles and garments, and hospitality. CBS prepared GHG inventories, developed marginal abatement cost curves to identify cost-effective mitigation measures, produced low-carbon investment plans, and assessed the economic and operational impacts of the transition.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS assessed a floating solar PV plant on Nadra Krenceng Dam for PT Krakatau Chandra Energi. The pre-feasibility stage covered site investigation, technology screening, and preliminary system design. The bankable feasibility study that followed covered preliminary engineering design, energy yield modeling, and structural analysis, together with regulatory and environmental impact assessment against Indonesian policies and water resource regulations, financial modeling, and risk analysis.
Client: PT Krakatau Chandra Energi
With Neyen Consulting, CBS supported the update of Indonesia's Energy Sector Roadmap of NZE 2060, working with the energy system modeling team and government stakeholders through focus group discussions. CBS refined the draft by integrating updated projections and aligning policy directions with the latest government data.
Client: Energy Transition Partnership (ETP), United Nations Office for Project Services
CBS drafted a background study on bioenergy for non-electricity applications to inform Indonesia's National Medium-Term Development Plan, working with Bappenas. The study assessed bioenergy potential, technology options, and regulatory frameworks, and proposed a development pathway covering policy interventions, feedstock supply strategies, technology deployment, financing mechanisms, and knowledge sharing.
Client: Global Green Growth Institute
Working with the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources and the Ministry of Industry, CBS provided technical inputs for a policy framework and implementation guidelines on emission caps, allowances, and carbon pricing. The study covered fossil fuel-based power generation and three industrial sectors (cement, fertilizer, and pulp and paper) and set out a phased approach to emissions reduction. CBS also assessed the economic and environmental implications, including cost pass-through mechanisms.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
With Hartree Partners and Neyen Consulting, CBS assessed the economic feasibility and long-term implications of Indonesia's early coal-fired power plant retirement strategy. The study reviewed existing retirement plans, proposed alternative pathways, and quantified fiscal and sector-wide impacts, including effects on PLN, public finances, and coal-dependent regions. CBS developed a screening framework for early retirement, using Ombilin CFPP in West Sumatra as a case study.
Client: Southeast Asia Energy Transition Partnership (ETP), United Nations Office for Project Services
CBS supported the Fiscal Policy Agency in assessing potential roles for the Indonesian Environment Fund in the carbon market, identifying business models, revenue streams, and constraints, and mapping carbon finance flows. The study set out six possible roles. As a revenue manager, IEF could operate as a Nilai Ekonomi Karbon fund or manage state revenue from carbon levies. As a market actor, it could serve as a mitigation action manager and aggregator, a mitigation outcome manager and aggregator, a price stabilizer, or a guarantee institution in the carbon exchange. CBS also developed an action plan addressing regulatory, financial, and operational gaps.
Client: Global Green Growth Institute
CBS prepared a bankable feasibility study for 22 commercial and industrial rooftop solar PV projects for PT ATW Alam Hijau, now Alam Energy Renewables. The study reviewed global and Indonesian solar PV business models and the client's operations, and assessed the technical and commercial feasibility of each project. CBS also developed an implementation plan to support financial close.
Client: PT ATW Alam Hijau (currently: PT Alam Energy Renewables)
CBS prepared a feasibility study under PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (funded by ClimateWorks Foundation), covering solar PV deployment across 21 Pertamina fuel terminal sites for PT Pertamina Power Indonesia, now PT Pertamina New and Renewable Energy. The study included site investigation—solar resource assessment, structural evaluation, and electrical infrastructure analysis—along with energy yield modeling, system design optimization, and financial modeling. It also assessed energy cost savings, GHG reduction potential, and business models for scaling the program.
Client: PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur
CBS evaluated the feasibility and safety of integrating solar PV into the electrical networks of Nestlé Indonesia's factories in Karawang, Panjang, and Batang. Working with Ditrolic (S) Pte Ltd and ATW Solar, the study assessed interconnection requirements against industry standards and the client's operational needs. It involved site assessment and verification of both the planned PV systems and existing factory infrastructure, followed by load flow, short-circuit current, power quality, and dynamic stability studies. The study identified technical parameters, reactive power requirements, and interconnection security measures.
Client: Ditrolic (S) Pte Ltd
CBS supported UNDP and the Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (DGNREEC) at the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources in enhancing the LINTAS EBTKE investment information system. With Artristik Studio Bandung, CBS redesigned the site architecture to carry sector potential, installed capacity, permitting and licensing procedures, investment guidelines, and integration with provincial investment platforms. CBS also ran capacity-building sessions for ministry staff on managing and updating the system.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
Under UNDP's MTRE3 Project, CBS developed investment guidelines for the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources to strengthen private sector participation in renewable energy and energy efficiency. The guidelines run to four volumes, covering geothermal, bioenergy, other renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency. CBS also recommended improvements to the investment information system and led dissemination to local government agencies, including provincial one-stop investment services (DPMPTSP), energy and mineral resource agencies, and Bappeda, supporting the establishment of an Integrated Market Service Center.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS supported UNDP's MTRE3 Project in developing a monitoring, reporting, and verification system for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects, to support the national carbon crediting mechanism. The work established a framework for certifying emission reductions and identified enablers for mutual recognition of carbon credits. CBS trained six project proponents—developers and managers of mini-hydro, solar PV, biomass gasification, and biogas projects, and energy efficiency initiatives in commercial buildings—in preparing project design documents and monitoring reports.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
In collaboration with Seken Geothermal Energy, CBS developed the front-end engineering design for the 10 MW Cibuni Geothermal Power Plant for PT Kopjasa Keahlian Teknosa, an independent power producer, as part of its power purchase agreement application. The FEED covered the steamfield above ground system and the power plant block across process, mechanical, piping, electrical, civil and structural, instrumentation and control, and HSE disciplines, together with implementation planning. CBS coordinated with technology providers throughout to reflect current geothermal generation technology in the design.
Client: PT Kopjasa Keahlian Teknosa
CBS designed and delivered a capacity-building program for the Board of Commissioners of PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy on using geothermal resources for green hydrogen production. The program covered hydrogen production technologies, infrastructure requirements, market potential, and financial feasibility, and included a case study of a PGE geothermal site addressing practical applications and operational considerations.
Client: PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy
Under UNDP's MTRE3 Project, CBS provided front-end engineering design services for a 2.4 MWe biomass gasification power plant in Kundur Island, supporting PT Akuo Energy Indonesia in improving project bankability. The work began with a preliminary techno-economic analysis of gasification technology and a biomass feedstock assessment, followed by coordination with gasification technology vendors on technology selection. The FEED covered process, mechanical and piping, electrical, civil and structural, and instrumentation and control engineering, with a financial feasibility analysis and sensitivity assessment.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS supported UNDP's MTRE3 Project in analyzing emission sources, abatement potential, and mitigation costs in the power sector across four provinces. CBS developed marginal abatement cost curves based on existing initiatives, including PLN's RUPTL and provincial energy plans, covering geothermal, biogas, biomass gasification, biomass co-firing, municipal solid waste gasification, hydro, mini-hydro, solar PV, wind, and tidal power. The project included data collection, techno-economic assessment, and capacity building at national and provincial level.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS assessed the technical and financial feasibility of the 5 MWe waste-to-energy plant in Surakarta for PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur, as an input to its financing decision. CBS reviewed the existing feasibility study and front-end engineering design, examining waste characterization, technology selection including wet pyrolysis and gasification, process design, plant performance, and investment costs. The work included a site investigation of the demonstration plant to validate key technical assumptions.
Client: PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur
CBS worked with UNDP on reducing polybrominated diphenyl ethers and unintentional persistent organic pollutants from plastic recycling and manufacturing. The work covered dissemination of technical guidelines to recyclers in East Java, development of a regulatory framework for PBDE-containing waste, and wastewater treatment guidelines for small and medium textile industries. CBS also conducted a pre-feasibility study for a recycling facility in Bandung and assessed operating conditions at an e-waste collection facility in Depok.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS assisted the Ministry of Industry and UNDP in reducing releases of unintentional persistent organic pollutants from plastics recycling, particularly in e-waste management. CBS developed technical guidelines to minimize emissions of brominated dioxins and furans (PBDDs/PBDFs), applying best available techniques and best environmental practices under the Stockholm Convention. CBS delivered workshops and hands-on training for recyclers and industry associations, and worked with government agencies and industry throughout on practical implementation.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
Under UNDP's MTRE3 Project, CBS developed GHG inventories and reference baselines for the energy sector in four pilot provinces, covering energy industries, manufacturing, transportation, residential, commercial, and fugitive emissions. CBS analyzed historical emissions trends and projected baseline scenarios using LEAP as benchmarks for provincial mitigation planning. The work followed international and national GHG accounting standards and included data collection, emissions analysis, and provincial-level training.
Client: United Nations Development Programme
CBS carried out feasibility studies, interconnection assessments, and engineering designs for the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources across a range of sites: rooftop solar PV for 25 schools and boarding schools, off-grid systems for 17 remote locations, 11 hybrid PV-diesel interconnections, and installations at fishery ports, volcano observation posts, and major airports. The studies covered site assessment, demand profiling, system design, energy yield analysis, grid impact evaluation, and cost estimation.
Client: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
CBS supported the feasibility study, preliminary design, and front-end engineering design for a government-initiated lignite gasification power plant in Kotabaru, assessing gasification as an energy pathway using local lignite resources. The study covered site selection, technology assessment, feedstock characterization, process and environmental analysis, plant performance evaluation, and financial modeling. The FEED phase covered the basis of design, multidisciplinary basic engineering, and project management planning.
Client: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources